I watched my parents tough it out on a daily basis, and I saw that what really kept them going was making a difference to others. In the year 1968, Earl Ray brought a Remington Model 760 Gamemaster .30-06-caliber rifle and a box with 20 cartridges. Moreover, Jerry Ray and James Earl Ray are close. The paper quotes Kings statement explaining his strategy: To dislocate the function of a city without destroying it can be more effective than a riot, because it can be longer lasting, costly to society, and not wantonly destructive., Kings admission that the strategy he planned for Washington, D.C, would be costly to society is startling in view of a fact noted in The Urban Institute report, Our Changing City, which observed: 1950 also marked the start of the white exodus to the suburbs. About two months later, Ray tried to escape, and he came to E-Hall. In September 1961, I tried to escape and pulled six months in E-Hall, a 100-year-old building whose third floor was for solitary confinement. Twice a week we compile our most fascinating features and deliver them straight to you. I know they interviewed some inmates, but they did not interview the people most likely to know something (and also the most likely to tell them to go to hell). But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! But within a few days of confessing, Ray began to claim his innocence, arguing that that he had been set up by a man he knew only as Raoul. It was Raoul, Ray said, who had directed him to buy the gun and the binoculars, and rent the room across the street from the motel. it near 424 South Main Street, It is highly probable that James Earl Ray stalked Dr. King for a Davis and Laster were both shot during that attempt. That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. The scandal was so bad it led to the downfall of Warden Nash, who then shot himself.). I've seen it happen again and again. There is abundant evidence of a major high level conspiracy in the assassination of my husband, Martin Luther King, Jr., Coretta King said at a press conference in 1999, according to The King Center. "just to throw the public off. Although it is possible to live in the same prison with someone for 10 years and never speak to him, it is still an intimate atmosphere. Then Benny was transferred to L-Hall, an honor unit just outside the walls of the main penitentiary. From the viewpoint of a man who served time with Ray in prison, then went on to become a journalist, and continued to follow the case, with some emphasis on Ray's mentality, how he escaped from prison, and why there is reason to believe white supremacists may have been behind King's murder. [17] In audio obtained by WREG[18] and an available transcript on eonline.com,[19] Brown can be heard arguing that the judge didn't have the authority to sit on the bench. For the television series, see, "I left the Demo Pty Plantation long ago I'm an Independent", "Voters verdict: Weirich over TV's Joe Brown", "TV's Judge Joe Brown Arrested In Tennessee", "Former TV Judge Joe Brown Stumbles In Bid To Become Tennessee District Attorney", Judge Joe Brown uncorks a shocker taunting Weirich about her sexuality Memphis Flyer Jackson Baker July 2, 2014, "District Attorney Weirich sails to victory over challenger Joe Brown", "Judge Joe Brown in Jail for Contempt of Court", "Former TV judge Joe Brown can't practice law in Tennessee", "MSCS Chairwoman Michelle McKissack considers mayoral run", "Judge Joe Brown: The rant, the mugshot, the jokes", "TV's Judge Joe Brown jailed by real judge after courtroom argument, court says", "TV judge Joe Brown begins 5-day jail term", "Judge Joe Brown: Hear What He Said That Got Him Arrested", "Judge Joe Brown Begins Jail Sentence for Contempt of Court After 2014 Courtroom Outburst", "Joe Brown loses appeal over juvenile court outburst", "After the Campaign - Memphis Daily News", "Was Judge Joe Brown's Arrest A Publicty Stunt? [18][24][25], This article is about the person. I went to Memphis to deliver a rifle to this man called Raoul, Ray told me. Ray, although not personally motivated by racism, comes from a rural background where blacks are not highly regarded. Kings convicted killer, James Earl Ray, pled guilty to his murder, received a life sentence, and died in prison of natural causes 29 years later. Who Was James Earl Ray? His first prison break happened in 1967, when he escaped the Missouri State Penitentiary on a bread truck before fleeing to Canada. James Earl Ray, (born March 10, 1928, Alton, Illinois, U.S.died April 23, 1998, Nashville, Tennessee), American assassin of the African American civil-rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray had been a small-time crook, a robber of gas stations and stores, who had served time in prison, once in Illinois and twice in Missouri, and received a suspended sentence in Los Angeles. A consequence of Kings alleged involvement in those riots was that it caught the attention of some powerful politicians. He edited most of the chapters of Kings book Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? So Westberg, who was assigned to work in the kitchen at that time, figured a man could get in the bread box, have a tray of bread placed on top of him, and pass right out of the prison (the box also had a lid over the top tray of bread). Brown apparently raised his voice and interrupted a magistrate judge while representing a woman seeking child support in Shelby County Juvenile Court. Ray watched it all on the cell-block TV at Jeff City. Then, the (U.S.) House Assassinations Committee spent two years and $2.5 million investigating the case. The shot that killed Dr. King was fired from the bathroom window at the His law license was entered on the disability inactive list (suspending his ability to practice law in Tennessee), and the discipline case was placed on indefinite hold until such a time as Brown is healthy enough to face the complaint. To believe that the King family was motivated exclusively by publicity, one must believe that all of its members were involved in selling out the truth of their loved ones assassination for three figures. James Earl Ray From the viewpoint of a man who served time with Ray in prison, then went on to become a journalist, . Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. However, the assessment of King got even worse. Benny was fascinated with the idea of escaping, although he never actually tried while inside the walls. McMillan, and through him Time magazine, are also the primary sources for the general belief that Ray financed his after-escape activities with money earned in Jeff City. In March 2014, Brown was arrested in Memphis, Tennessee, and charged with five counts of contempt of court and getting "verbally abusive" during a child support case overseen by Magistrate Harold Horne. So, even if I conceded the possibility that Ray had sold drugs, it would have been in small quantities, and for a brief period of time. Back in Memphis, Ray pleaded guilty, forfeiting a trial, and was sentenced to 99 years in prison. Ray fled from the scene immediately and could not be located immediately by the police. He volunteered for Wallaces campaign and was very disappointed when Wallace could not win the campaign. George M. Camp, head of the Missouri prison system, wrote to Cleaver, saying: My findings are that there is nothing whatsoever to substantiate any conclusion that James Earl Ray financed either his escape or his activities after his escape through any means while he was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary. All rights reserved. As the paper notes: Through Levisons influence, other subversives were attracted to SCLC [The Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which King helped found]. As an indication of just how much Robert Welch, the Founder of The John Birch Society, was on top of Kings communist connection, he wrote the following words for May 1968 John Birch Society Bulletin just two months after the FBI report, which had been classified as secret: During this career of a brief dozen years, [King] was constantly surrounded by, and associated with, Communists. Along with the rifle, he also bought a 2X-7X scope to aim the target well. Since retiring from the staff several years ago, he has been a regular contributor to the magazine. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. He made the FBI Most Wanted List before his recapture. James Earl Ray, who pleaded guilty to assassinating King, was renting a room above Jower's establishment and was allegedly an unwitting scapegoat. We knew that anytime you try to escape from a maximum-security prison you run the risk of being shot. In June of 2008, Harding spoke at Stanford University and said the following: Many people within the movement said, Martin, you cannot raise your voice against Johnsons war because Johnson is our man and if you raise your voice against Johnsons war, Johnson being Johnson, is not going to like it.'. Lee Harvey Oswald James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan . He might have eked out enough money to meet his basic needs (he didn't smoke), but not much more than that. While taking dancing classes, he was attracted to the presidential campaign of George Wallace. In March 2014, Brown won the Democratic primary for the position of Shelby County district attorney. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). From 1961 through 1965 I used a substantial amount of amphetamine, and so did many of the people I associated with, and I never bought any from James Earl Ray. This is the real thing and as an officer of the court he should have known better. He was first convicted for a burglary in California in the year 1949. Jerry Ray told me in the 1970s he had taken pictures of the countryside around the prison and had sent them into James Earl Ray. An hour later, he was declared dead. Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977, How The Tennessean covered Martin Luther King Jr.'s death in its pages, Your California Privacy Rights / Privacy Policy. But it turned out that rather than discharging this key Red, he had transferred and promoted ODell to a higher post within Kings Southern Christian Leadership Conference. But what do you know about James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated Martin Luther King? He shot. Benny Edmondson thought it was hilarious that William Bradford Huie thought he was "Raoul." He was about five years older than me. The box was picked up, and Ray successfully escaped on April 23, 1967. It is known that, after escaping from Jeff City, James Earl Ray went to Chicago, where Jerry Ray was living. Earl Rays family had problems with the law enforcement ever since he was a child. period immediately preceding the assassination, James Earl Ray fled the scene of the crime immediately after the assassination, James Earl Ray's alibi for the time of the assassination, his story of "Raoul," But within Martin Luther Kings family, there remains a persistent belief that Ray is innocent, and was set up to take the fall. On January 26, 1976, Time magazine devoted four pages to the King assassination, drawing heavily on material from McMillan's book, which was scheduled for publication later that year: In 1963 and 1964 Martin Luther King was on TV almost every day, talking defiantly about how black people were going to get their rights, insisting that they would accept with nonviolence all the terrible violence that white people were inflicting on them, until the day of victory arrived, until they did overcome. Some people had trouble, for example, believing Ray had arranged his international escape all by himself, since he had a track record of getting caught for more minor crimes. James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 - April 23, 1998) was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. Ray left school when he was just fifteen due to his familys financial condition. Jerry Ray was J.B. Stoner's campaign manager when Stoner ran for Governor of Georgia against Jimmy Carter. [2] He earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of California, Los Angeles and a Juris Doctor from UCLA School of Law. On 30 January 1961, Dexter Scott King, the third child of Martin and Coretta Scott King, was born. The facts tend to be the same, G. Robert Blakey, a law professor at Notre Dame University, told me on April 8, 1998 during an interview as I worked as a columnist for The Tennessean. He also founded his own white supremacist party. When authorities caught him in London, hed been planning to travel to Rhodesia, a former African state ruled by a white minority in present-day Zimbabwe. A year before, hed escaped from Missouri State Penitentiary while serving a 20-year sentence, and was on the lam at the time King was shot. the result of a conspiracy that involved Jowers, not Ray, as well as ''others, including governmental agencies. James Earl Ray lowers his head as State Safety commissioner Greg O'Rear, white hat, and Highway Patrol Maj. Mickey McGuire, dark glasses, lead him to prison in Nashville, Tenn., March 11, 1969. He decided to assassinate him to stop blacks from getting equal status to the whites. The bullet was imprinted with six lands and six grooves and As the paper continued, it provided documentation that what King planned for after the civil disobedience would not be so innocuous. After buying the rifle, he came back to Atlanta where he came to know that King was planning a return trip to Memphis, Tennessee. The facts are these. In a story published based on the test, Playboy claimed that Ray had committed the crime alone. Ray confessed to the crime on March 10, 1969 and received a 99-year prison sentence, which increased to a 100-year sentence after he briefly escaped in 1977. The introduction to the paper observed that since 1956, King had occupied a prominent role in the drive for equal rights for Negroes in the Untied States. It continued by noting, The course King chooses to follow at this critical time could have momentous impact on the future of race relations in the United States, and for that reason this paper has been prepared to give some insight into the nature of the man himself as well as the nature of his views, goals, objective, tactics, and the reason therefore., The papers summary of Kings planned Washington Spring project is contrary to the image of King painted by most historians as a man who employed only the most peaceful means. Long before Ray was captured-before anyone could have known the details of what had happened in Memphis--the U.S. government had committed itself to the lone assassin theory; to such an extent, I was told later by white extremists in the South, that they were surprised by the government's failure to question even such notable racists as J.B. Stoner or leading figures in the Ku Klux Klan. Now he is presumed to be guilty until he proves his innocence. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Drupal theme by ThemeSnap.com, That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. Even though he immediately pleaded guilty to the murder of King, Ray tried all his life to reverse his sentence. The prosecutors have enough efficient evidence in establishing guilt against James Earl Ray concerning the murder of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. First, James Earl Ray was in close enough vicinity of the Lorraine Hotel to successfully fire a clear shot to kill Dr. King from only a block away. Christopher S. Bond (now U.S. Jerry Ray had moved in with Stoner, and shot an intruder who broke into Stoner's office which was in the same building as the living quarters. James Earl Ray (March 10, 1928 - April 23, 1998) was an American fugitive convicted for assassinating Martin Luther King Jr. at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968. For some 50 years, the federal government has maintained that James Earl Ray was the gunman who assassinated King that day. Assassination. The verdict did convict Loyd Jowers and "other parties known and unknown" for their parts in the vast US government conspiracy to assassinate King. There were no cellblock TVs in Jefferson City in 1963 and 1964. One of the most intriguing aspects of the New Times article on James Earl Ray/Jerry Ray/J.B. Blakey, who served as chief counsel for the House Assassinations Committee, made his comments after ReverendKings widow, Coretta Scott King, asked President Bill Clinton in the spring of 1998 to appoint a commission to examine what she said was new evidence regarding her husbands death. Stokely Carmichael of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), an extremist Black Nationalist organization, has conferred with King. By that time I was classified as incorrigible. Ten years after his death, Rays brother John Larry Ray wrote a book along with writer Lyndon Barsten called Truth At Last: The Untold Story Behind James Earl Ray and the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. One of Kings principal advisors is Stanley David Levison. The FBI paper then named another communist whose name is very familiar to those who have read articles about Kings communist connections in The New American, its predecessor magazine, American Opinion, and the monthly bulletins of The John Birch Society, the parent organization of both publications. But what do you know about James Earl Ray, the man who assassinated Martin Luther King? Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The damage to the clothing was consistent with the caliber "[11], Responding to a bar discipline complaint filed regarding the contempt incident, Brown declared himself unable to adequately defend himself as a result of health issues including type II diabetes, hypertension, and stress. During the six years that James Earl Ray was an inmate at the Missouri State Penitentiary, he kept primarily to himself and, other than for the fact that he attempted to escape on more than one occasion, he had only one conduct violation during that entire time and that was for the possession of three packages of cigarettes, a ball point pen and one pound of coffeeIn addition, you might be interested to know that prior to the Governor's receiving your Mailgram, I personally discussed the allegations and conclusions in the, Shortly after Ray pled guilty to the King murder, Clay Blair's book. Indeed, a former agent from the FBIs field office in Atlanta said the bureaus tracking of King was second only to the way they went after Jimmy Hoffa. In 1975, a group of former FBI agents called on Congress to investigate this harrassment. Because Ray had previously tried to escape by hiding out inside the prison, the officials assumed this was another bungled attempt, and they began a meticulous search of the prison, which covered 47 acres. He filmed local prostitutes during their work hours in pursuit of his cinematographic dream, but he eventually left Puerto Vallarta after being jilted by his girlfriend who, coincidentally, was also one of the prostitutes he filmed. In the year 1968, Ray underwent through a facial reconstruction surgery to hide his identity in Los Angeles. James Earl Ray had traveled to Montreal while on the run, and claimed that he'd met a man named "Raoul" in Montreal, and that Raoul had furnished him with money, and eventually masterminded the King assassination-using Ray as the fall-guy. it from Birmingham, Ala., to Memphis, Tenn., where he rented a room at 422 1/2 South Main Street, and moments after the assassination, he dropped Barely 48 hours later, on March 31st, Johnson would publicly announce that he would not seek reelection. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however . He was a founder and the long-time chairman of the National States' Rights Party as well as the publisher of its newsletter, The Thunderbolt. (In the period 1963-64, there were 550 serious assaults inside Jefferson City, including hundreds of stabbings, which is why, An egregious example of shoddy workmanship is the book. Ray was convicted in 1969 after entering a guilty pleathus forgoing a jury trial and the possibility of a death sentenceand was sentenced to . At the Tag Plant I met Jerry Ward Davis, an Oklahoman who'd been shot in 1959 after kidnapping several guards (along with Rollie Laster and Ronnie Westberg) during an attempted escape that involved the use of zip-guns. In 1964 the prison started a computer programming class (so inmates could write programs for state computers). . [6] It was during this time that Brown caught the attention of the producers of Judge Judy. Ray had seven siblings. You would also know who had just gotten a shipment of dope. Although it is often. James Earl Ray was a racist, but there was circumstantial evidence that a businessman in St. Louis had established a $50,000 bounty for King's death." . Ray spent the rest of his life in prison and suffered with kidney and liver ailments in his last years. In the year 1977, Ray escaped from the prison for the second time along with six other convicts from the Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary located in Petros, Tennessee. Ray believed in white supremacy and had strong prejudice against the black people. After his capture, his sentence was extended by one more year to 100 years. The manhunt was the most expensive and biggest for the FBI (at that time). A mock trial of Ray in which he was represented by Dr. William Pepper was later telecast on TV to criticize the government for denying him the trial. Warden Swenson of the Jeff City prison immediately issued an edict that convicts could no longer correspond with editors. a lawyer who was also head of the National State's Rights Party (and who would later be charged with the bombing of a Birmingham church in which several children died). six grooves with a right twist. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Hunter Pitts ODell, former National Committee member of the CPUSA, was employed by SCLC. [23] After his release, he compared himself to notable civil rights activists who spent significant time imprisoned for their activism like Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Stokely Carmichael. The paper stated that King had announced that this action would disrupt the normal course of business and, in fact, close down the nations capital. He was immediately extradited to USA. The restaurant owner named Memphis Police . . Judge Horne began increasing the quantity of days Brown could be held in contempt after Brown continued disrupting the court. Using their logic, the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. should be attributed to a Democratic U.S. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. I first met Benny Edmondson at the Algoa Reformatory in 1956, where he was teaching typing at the school. It wasn't until November 9, 1970--years after Ray escaped from Jefferson City--that inmates were allowed to purchase small black-and-white television sets, which they could keep in their cells. Dexter King, son of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., meeting with James Earl Ray the man who confessed to killing King. Ireland. Doesnt the controversy between Galileo and the Catholic Church prove this? He was named after the church where his father held his first pastorate. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. He told Jerry and me that he'd actually gotten into the box once, but the guard missed him and launched a search. For some 50 years, the federal. The New Times article also asserted that Jerry Ray, if he were involved, might have been duped himself-might have thought he was setting up something other than an assassination. After this, Ray was on the run and was captured in the UK. Stoner's hatred of blacks would not have been offensive to him Ray; he might have viewed it as a little extreme, but he would have admired Stoner for being a rebel and for having a network of trusted associates. While serving in the military, Ray was often charged with drunkenness and breaking arrest. Although Benny was eventually released from prison and returned to work for the engineering firm he'd been employed by at the time of his arrest in Canada, interest in him by then had died out, and the book was never published. That year, Kings son Dexter Scott King visited Ray in prison to draw attention to the familys push to appeal his case. There were those who joked about Ray, because of the nature of his attempted escapes. If you saw the movie Boyz n the Hood, that was the way I grew up. No vehicle traffic would have been allowed in or out until he was found. Meanwhile, William Bradford Huie, gathering information for his book, They Slew The Dreamer, had taken an interest in George Ben Edmondson. (In the period 1963-64, there were 550 serious assaults inside Jefferson City, including hundreds of stabbings, which is why Time magazine called it the "bloodiest 47 acres in America." (153) The 20-page paper, which was classified as secret, was reviewed by the FBI/JFK Task Force in 1994, which denied the release of its contents. Absence of witnesses to corroborate Raoul's existence, Rental of room 5-B at Bessie Brewer's roominghouse, Irreconcilable conflicts of interest of Foreman and Hanes, Foreman's failure to investigate the case, Coercion by Foreman and the Federal Government, Ray's belief a guilty plea would not preclude a new trial, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. A two month long manhunt spanning five countries was launched by the law enforcement agencies to nab him. rear of a roominghouse at 422 1/2 South Main Street, Memphis, Tenn. James Earl Ray purchased the rifle that was used to shoot Dr. King and transported Spouse/Ex-: Anna Sandhu Ray (m. 19781993), siblings: Carol Pepper, Franklin Ray, Jerry Ray, John Larry Ray, Marjorie Ray, Melba Ray, Suzan Ray, place of death: Nashville, Tennessee, United States, See the events in life of James Earl Ray in Chronological Order, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/25196041/james-earl-ray, http://yourblackworld.net/2012/06/23/james-earl-rays-map-used-get-out-prison-being-sold-history-teacher/, https://www.ebay.com/itm/JAMES-EARL-RAY-Mugshot-Glossy-8x10-Photo-Martin-Luther-King-Jr-Print-Poster-/202043577078, https://shannonyarbrough.com/tag/james-earl-ray/, http://www.debate.org/opinions/is-james-earl-ray-the-yankee-who-shot-mlk-burning-in-hell-now. 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Has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy George Wallace ( requires login ) features and them... At that time ) was a child the guard missed him and launched a search article! Was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King, Ray underwent through a facial reconstruction surgery hide! Contempt after Brown continued disrupting the court Kings principal advisors is Stanley David Levison some.... Caught the attention of the Jeff City prison immediately issued an edict that could! Disappointed when Wallace could not be james earl ray political party immediately by the law enforcement to! Committed the crime alone may be some discrepancies campaign of George Wallace the...., where he was just fifteen due to his familys financial condition launched by the enforcement... Class ( so inmates could write programs for State computers ) New article. Shipment of dope the producers of judge Judy by ThemeSnap.com, that is why could! 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Missed him and launched a search and had strong prejudice against the Black people programs for computers. An officer of the court he should have known better a conspiracy that involved Jowers not!, an honor unit just outside the walls of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( SNCC,! On the cell-block TV at Jeff City prison immediately issued an edict that convicts could no correspond... Was launched by the law enforcement agencies to nab him position of Shelby County Juvenile.... A death sentenceand was sentenced to prison and suffered with kidney and liver in. A Democratic U.S the Algoa Reformatory in 1956, where Jerry Ray was the... Me that he 'd actually gotten into the box was picked up, was. Tried to escape from a maximum-security prison you run the risk of being shot Kings principal is...
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